The status of being the southernmost European (permanent) settlement in the world has shifted often during history and has sometimes become the cause of national pride and rivalry.
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Spain began the conquest of the islands in 1402. Later the villages of Las Palmas, Tenerife and Valverde were founded.
During Columbus's second expedition in 1493, he founded a settlement in what is now called República Dominicana.
Darién, now in Panama, was founded by Vasco Ñúñez de Balboa in 1502.
Valdivia, now in Chile, was founded in 1552 by Pedro de Valdivia
Founded in 1567 in Chiloé Island, now belonging to Chile.